No, shotgun choke tubes are not universal. There are a few different standards that Shotguns use (Invector, Mobilchoke, Win-Choke, etc.), so you need to make sure you get the right choke tube for your shotgun.
Shotguns typically come with 3 or 4 different chokes (Cylinder Bore, Modified, Full, and Extra-Full), which allows the shooter to change the pattern of their shot without having to buy a new shotgun. Chokes can also be changed based on what type of Ammo you are using (Slugs or Shot), and what type of game you are hunting.
So if you are planning on changing the choke on your shotgun, or buying a choke tube for the first time, make sure you do your research and get the right one!