An 80 lower receiver is a firearm part that is not regulated by the federal government. It is a piece of metal that has been machined to specific dimensions so that it can be used to build firearms. Because an 80 lower receiver is not considered a firearm, it can be shipped through the mail without being subject to any federal regulations.
An 80 lower receiver must still be completed with other firearm parts to become a functioning firearm. This process of completing an 80 lower receiver is commonly referred to as “building a gun”. Building your gun allows you to avoid all of the registration and background check requirements that are typically associated with purchasing a firearm from a licensed dealer.